Yesterday during the Ohio Senate Public Utilities Committee's ongoing review of the state's energy efficiency and renewable energy laws, Associate Director for Research at the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) Neal Elliott testified on the findings of an analysis of rates and expenditures that was commissioned by the state's largest manufacturing trade group, the Ohio Manufacturers' Association, The Plain Dealer reports (See the Apr 09, 2013, blog – "Two major Ohio newspapers defend state's energy efficiency laws"). The 50-page analysis, completed by the ACEEE, concludes "generally that the efficiency rules have lowered demand, which in turn has helped push wholesale power prices down," the article said. Elliott also said that as opposed to FirstEnergy Corp., who is leading the charge to change the laws, "American Electric Power, Duke Energy of Ohio and Dayton Power & Electric have embraced the programs, maybe because they have figured out how to profit from it in the long run." For more, read the full story.

Earlier this week, Bricker & Eckler partner Mark A. Engel wrote an analysis of how H.B. 59 – Gov. John Kasich’s proposed budget – could potentially affect manufacturers through its expansion of the sales tax to include additional “services.” For more, read the full analysis.

Yesterday, the U.S. Commerce Department assigned Chinese solar panel firms with countervailing tariffs ranging from 14.78 percent to 15.97 percent and anti-dumping tariffs ranging from 18.32 to 250 percent, a press release from the International Trade Administration announced. The U.S. International Trade Commission will decide by November 23, 2012, if “solar cells from China materially injure, or threaten material injury to, the domestic industry,” which will determine whether the tariffs will take effect. For more, including the tariff rates for specific companies and the products that fall under the tariffs, read the full press release.

Even with demand for wind turbines and solar panels growing rapidly over the last five years, China’s manufacturing capacity for these products has grown even faster, creating “a looming financial disaster” due to oversupply and a price war, The New York Times reports. Chinese solar panel manufacturers are cutting back production and the Chinese government is pushing for the country’s more than 20 wind turbine manufacturers to consolidate into five or six companies, but foreign industry rivals insist that China must “subsidize the purchase of more solar panels at home” – instead of relying so heavily on exports – if it wants to help its overcapacity problem, the article said. For more, read the full story.

Recently, Ohio Attorney General Mike DeWine issued an opinion regarding a question from Richland County officials about whether “the county could enter into an agreement with a private oil and gas drilling company or wind farm operator to repair roads damaged by their heavy equipment,” Gongwer reports. Officials cited concerns over the “application of public bidding laws, prevailing wage laws, and a host of other legal issues that normally surround the construction of public improvements,” the article said. DeWine opined that the circumstance was “pursuant to a contract with a county and for a county, and is a public improvement.” Since a private company – and not the county – will employ the workers, DeWine said it will be the responsibility of the employer to pay in accordance with Ohio’s prevailing-wage laws. However, Ohio’s competitive bid laws for public construction projects will not be triggered since the agreement “does not require the county to spend more than the $25,000 threshold that triggers the requirement,” the article said. For more, read the opinion here.

The Advanced Energy Business-to-Business Conference & Expo has grown out of its northeast Ohio roots and will cover the entire state during its annual event, which takes place this year at the Greater Columbus Convention Center from October 30-31, 2012, a press release from NorTech said. NorTech produced the event and Advanced Energy Economy Ohio is presenting the agenda, which includes sessions with industry experts on key advanced energy sectors like waste and biomass to energy, energy efficiency, energy storage, fuel cells, smart grid, shale gas and solar, as well as a technology showcase featuring “entrepreneurs, companies, and researchers seeking collaborators, partners and funding,” the release said. More than 700 industry professionals are expected to attend and more than 120 companies and organizations are expected to exhibit, the release said. For more, read the press release here or for registration and other information, visit the expo website here.

Following preliminary findings that China and Vietnam are selling wind-energy towers to the United States for below production costs, the U.S. Department of Commerce on Saturday announced tariff rates as high as 73 percent for Chinese products and as high as 60 percent for Vietnamese goods that will be in effect until it makes “a final determination for both nations on Dec. 16,” The Washington Post reports. For more, read the full story here and view the department’s fact sheet – complete with tariff rate information – here.

U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu recognized the grand opening of DuPont's expanded solar photovoltaic manufacturing plant in Circleville last week and "called on Congress to extend the expiring clean energy tax credits that made this investment possible," a press release from the U.S. Department of Energy said. The Circleville plant received $50 million in federal clean energy tax credits to expand its production of a thin film material that strengthens the performance and durability of solar modules, which created 70 permanent operational jobs, the release said. For more, read the full press release here.

Gov. Kasich recently signed a memorandum of understanding designed to "encourage manufacturers to start making more vehicles that burn compressed natural gas," Gongwer reports. As Ohio becomes the eleventh state to sign on, the hope is that multi-state cooperation produces "enough demand to drive down the cost of CNG vehicles to stimulate a market," the article said.

The (Toledo) Blade reports that the State of Ohio lent millions of dollars to a Perrysburg solar-panel manufacturer despite knowing about budding financial problems at the company. And even when it had a better account of Willard & Kelsey Solar Group's money troubles, the article continues, the state approved requests to defer loan payments, extend financial report deadlines, enter into a new state loan agreement, and modify the terms of a private loan. The full article is available here.

Xunming Deng has resigned as Xunlight Corp.'s president, chief executive officer, and chairman of the board, according to an article in The (Toledo) Blade. The Toledo-based solar panel manufacturer was started in 2006 by Deng and his wife, Liwei Xu. The article notes that Deng will continue as an adviser to Xunlight Corp., as chairman and CEO of Xunlight 26 Solar, a Xunlight subsidiary with offices in Toledo, and chairman and legal representative of Xunlight Kunshan. Xunlight has a plant in Kunshan, China.

Locally Grown Power and IdealPV, two California-based companies, are partnering with Mansfield, Ohio's North End Community Improvement Collaborative (NECIC) to test an idea that uses low-cost solar photovoltaic (PV) panels to revitalize ailing communities, CleanTechnica.com reports. The proposed public-private partnership would establish a solar PV assembly plant and installation program and would install solar PV for any willing local residents and businesses, the article said. In addition to energy savings, the project would create approximately 440 jobs. If successful, the project could be replicated across the country. For more, read the full story here.

A group of green energy executives spoke of the positive impact that the renewable energy industry can have on Northwest Ohio's economy during a presentation at the Toledo Regional Chamber of Commerce annual meeting last week, ToledoBlade.com reports. The executives noted that Ohio's strong manufacturing base make it an attractive location for developing and producing solar technologies, the article said. For more read the full story here.

The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency announced that it will now co-lead the Ohio Diesel Emission Reduction Grant Program (pdf) in coordination with the Ohio Department of Transportation. About $20 million in federal highway funding for clean diesel projects will be available in 2012 and 2013 to replace, repower, retrofit and reduce idling in eligible public sector diesel fleets and certain private sector or nonprofit diesel fleets. These funds were included in the state budget signed into law earlier this year by Gov. John Kasich.

Although the high-profile bankruptcy of California-based solar panel manufacturer Solyndra LLC is grabbing headlines, Toledo's solar industry is continuing to grow, according to an article in The (Toledo) Blade. Bricker & Eckler also recently published an overview of the Ohio solar market, available here.

A U.S. Senate compromise on a $1 ?trillion temporary spending bill avoids a government shutdown and increases the chances that a proposed automotive-battery plant will be built in Columbus, according to an article in The Columbus Dispatch. The article notes that the U.S. House is likely to approve the same measure this week, which maintains funding for a U.S. Department of Energy program designed to produce clean-energy alternatives for automobiles. Coda Automotive, a California electric-car maker, asked more than a year ago for more than $500 million in loans from the program to help build a battery factory in Columbus, according to the article. 

In the wake of the bankruptcies of three U.S. solar companies in the past month, a report in The New York Times examines the increasing dominance of China's solar industry. According to the article:

Some American, Japanese and European solar companies still have a technological edge over Chinese rivals, but seldom a cost advantage, according to industry analysts.

Loans at very low rates from state-owned banks in Beijing, cheap or free land from local and provincial governments across China, huge economies of scale and other cost advantages have transformed China from a minor player in the solar power industry just a few years ago into the main producer of an increasingly competitive source of electricity.

The full article is available here.

As reported in multiple news outlets, California-based Solyndra LLC, the recipient of more than $500 million in federal loans, announced that it is closing its doors and filing for bankruptcy. The move leaves 1,100 employees out of work and is likely to lead to additional scrutiny of the federal government's support of clean energy. Reports of Solyndra's closure are available here, here and here. 

Calisolar Inc., the California-based solar products manufacturer that recently terminated plans to locate a manufacturing facility in Ontario, Ohio, is apparently taking the project to Mississippi, according to comments made last week by Ohio Gov. John Kasich. As reported in the Mansfield News Journal, Kasich made his brief remarks about Calisolar during a speech at the Columbus Metropolitan Club.

More than 250 people representing manufacturers in 33 states showed up at the Cleveland Public Hall for a two-day conference, called Making It Here, designed to address the problems facing local manufacturers of wind-turbine parts. According to this article in the (Cleveland) Plain Dealer, participants said it has become increasingly difficult to compete against the growing Chinese onslaught of low-cost wind parts or even against long-established European wind-parts makers.The two-day seminar was sponsored by the GLWN (formerly Great Lakes Wind Network).

For more information on Making It Here, visit the GLWN.org Web site.

According to this article in the Columbus Dispatch, the U.S. government has shifted its stance on fuel-cell vehicles from an embrace to a distinctly cold shoulder. This could pose a problem for the more than 100 Ohio companies involved with fuel-cell technology or hydrogen-fueled vehicles.

In February, the Obama administration proposed a cut of $70 million, or 40 percent, to a hydrogen-technology program in the Department of Energy. The administration also proposed roughly $50 million in cuts for a fuel-cell program. Congress is working on its version of the budget and might restore some of the funding.

The Ohio Department of Development has released videos promoting Ohio as a destination for manufacturers that produce solar and wind energy components. The solar video is available here. The wind video is available here.

The U.S. Department of Energy announced that it is offering a $275 million loan guarantee to California-based alternative energy manufacturer Calisolar Inc. to build a plant in Ontario, Ohio, according to this article in The Columbus Dispatch. The Mansfield area could gain more than 1,000 permanent jobs as a result of the project, which will be located on the site of a former General Motors Corp. plant. The facility will manufacture solar silicon from lower-cost metallurgical grade material that Calisolar then upgrades. Its process is said to be less expensive and more energy-efficient than traditional processes, according to the article. Previous posts on the project are available here, here and here.

In a move that could be a boon to Ohio's growing clean-energy manufacturing sector, China has decided to end a subsidies program that encouraged wind-power manufacturers to use Chinese-made parts rather than purchasing imported parts, according to an article in The Columbus Dispatch. The United States, in a case filed with the World Trade Organization in December, argued that the program was the equivalent of an illegal subsidy. More than 650 Ohio companies are involved in some way in producing parts for wind energy, according to the Ohio Department of Development. 

Calisolar Inc. filed an agreement with the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio this week that if approved could save the company more than $100 million in electricity costs at its proposed manufacturing facility in Ontario, Ohio, according to an article in the Mansfield News Journal. Calisolar, Ohio Edison Co. and PUCO staff have signed off on the incentive agreement and urged the five-member Commission to quickly approve it. Calisolar, a producer of low-cost silicon for solar cells, plans to take over a vacant General Motors plant.

The incentive agreement is contingent upon several things, including Calisolar hiring a certain number of employees. In exchange for locating in Ohio Edison's service area, the agreement states Calisolar will be eligible for up to $100 million in electric rate discounts if the facility's full-time employment is 1,100 or less, and up to $125 million in discounts if employment exceeds 1,100, according to the article.

A new U.S. Department of Energy survey ranks nonprofit Clean Fuels Ohio third in the nation for petroleum fuel displacement, according to an article in Dayton Business Journal. The annual survey rates Clean Cities Program coalitions across the country based on the gallons of petroleum fuel displaced by their work. According to the survey, Clean Fuels Ohio reduced petroleum use by 84 million gallons between 2005 and 2009. The full survey results are available here. 

A national fuel cell group says that the Obama administration is turning its back on the U.S. fuel cell industry, according to an article in The (Cleveland) Plain Dealer. In remarks before the Ohio Fuel Cell Coalition, Ruth Cox, executive director of the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Association, noted that the U.S. Department of Energy has repeatedly cut fuel cell research and commercialization funding. The administration has instead favored the development of hybrid and battery-powered electric cars. Cox warned that the cuts could slow commercialization of fuel cells and ultimately harm the growing list of Ohio companies that are part of the fuel cell supply chain, according to the article.

TecnoSun Solar Systems AG, a German company that makes mounting systems for solar panels, plans to bring 20 to 40 jobs to Toledo in the next two years when it opens an office at the University of Toledo, according to this report in The (Toledo) Blade. Peter Fischer, TecnoSun Solar System's chief executive, recently signed a one-year lease to open a 1,390-square-foot office at UT's Nitschke Technology Commercialization Complex. The facility will serve as the North American headquarters for TecnoSun, which plans to hire a CEO for the Toledo office within six weeks, according to the article.

Sunnyvale, Calif.-based Calisolar Inc. is in the final stages of negotiations with state and local officials to remake a former General Motors plant in Ontario, Ohio, near Mansfield, into a facility that produces silicon for use in solar cells, as reported in the Mansfield News Journal. The $750 million project is expected to create 831 full-time jobs. Government officials and job-training providers met this week to discuss developing a training program for the Calisolar facility, according to another News Journal article.

Independence, Ohio-based Quasar Energy Group is planning to build a compressed natural gas fueling station at its $10 million anaerobic digester facility at the former Columbus trash-burning power plant site, as reported in Columbus Business First. According to the article,

. . . . Quasar estimates the cost of the fueling station project will hit about $1.5 million, with engineering work set to begin next month and completion eyed for September. Construction will create 11 jobs, while one full-time position will be added in Columbus as the station is up and running.

The project received a $1 million federal stimulus grant awarded this week through the Ohio Department of Development.

The state awarded $1 million in loan and grant funds to Meigs County Community Improvement Corporation to build a new, 35,000-square-foot industrial building that will be marketed to advanced energy businesses spun off by Ohio University, according to an article in The (Pomeroy) Daily Sentinel. The project received $500,000 in Rural Industrial Park Loan funds and a $500,000 Rural Development Initiative grant. 

U.S. Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-OH) recently introduced legislation to renew a clean energy tax cut that delivered nearly $125 million to seven Ohio manufacturers. The Security in Energy and Manufacturing (SEAM) Act would renew the Advanced Energy Manufacturing Tax Credit program, also known as 48C, which provides investment tax credits of 30 percent for facilities that manufacture energy equipment. The stimulus program was more than three times oversubscribed, according to a news release announcing the bill.

A recent study conducted for the state of Oregon finds that Toledo, Ohio, has the overall lowest costs for solar-panel manufacturing when compared to ten other states with solar-panel production. According to this article in The (Toledo) Blade, the 2010 study also finds that when operating a parts supplier plant, Ohio—and particularly Toledo—trails only Utah, New Mexico and North Carolina in lowest costs.

"The Toledo region is definitely the most progressive within the state of Ohio and it's becoming more widely known as a place to manufacture [photovoltaic products],” said the study's co-author, Michelle Comerford, managing director of Austin Consulting in Cleveland, Ohio. “The economic developers are certainly doing their jobs there in Toledo."

The Oregon study is somewhat in contrast to a Blade investigation a year ago that found Ohio had early success in the solar industry in part because of solar research at University of Toledo, but it lost out on thousands of solar manufacturing jobs in recent years to states offering more incentives and stronger product markets.

A bipartisan group of elected officials have come together to urge support for a proposed CODA battery plant to be located in Columbus, according to an article in The Columbus Dispatch.  CODA Automotive, located in Santa Monica, California, designs, manufactures and sells electric vehicles and lithium-ion battery systems for transportation and utility applications.

U.S. Rep. Pat Tiberi, R-Genoa Township, and Columbus Mayor Michael B. Coleman, a Democrat, said yesterday that they will co-chair a task force, joined by Sen. Sherrod Brown, D-Ohio, Sen. Rob Portman, R-Ohio, Rep. Steve Stivers, R-Columbus, Rep. Steve Austria, R-Beavercreek, and Republican Gov. John Kasich.

CODA has asked the Department of Energy for a $500 million-plus loan to help finance the battery factory. The plant would initially employ more than 1,000 workers who would produce lithium-ion batteries for use in CODA’s planned all-electric sedan.

To read more, visit the Dispatch website.

The University of Toledo has installed three charging stations for electric vehicles on its campus. The chargers integrate General Electric Co.'s smart meters with Columbus-based Juice Technologies’ Plug Smart engine, allowing for so-called "intelligent charging" during low-demand, lower-cost time periods. GE and Juice Technologies announced the intelligent plug-in electric vehicle charging devices last year, and the University is among the early adopters of the technology. 

Venturi Automobiles, and electric-car maker headquartered in Monaco, has announced that it will set up its North American headquarters at TechColumbus offices near The Ohio State University, as recently reported by The Columbus Dispatch. Initially, the company will have just a few employees, but OSU and TechColumbus officials hope that the local presence will grow to a number close to the 70 workers the company has in Europe.

Venturi will work out of an office suite at the TechColumbus building, and plans to later rent manufacturing space at the adjacent Science and Technology Campus Corporation, or SciTech. Another maker of electric cars, Coda Automotive, hopes to open a battery factory in Columbus, but its plan is contingent on receiving a federal loan of more than $500 million.

To read more, visit The Columbus Dispatch Web site.

The U.S. Department of Energy announced that it is accepting applications for up to $184 million over three to five years for research and development projects supporting the development and deployment of new, efficient-vehicle technologies, according to RenewableEnergyWorld.com. Eligible projects will span the full spectrum of technology approaches, including advanced materials, combustion research, hybrid electric systems, fleet efficiency, and fuels technology.

According to another article at RenewbleEnergyWorld.com, DOE also announced that it will provide up to $30 million over the next three to four years for small-scale process integration projects that support the development of advanced biofuels. 

A new article at RenewableEnergyWorld.com reports that a variety of biofuels industry CEOs expect their companies to reach commercial scale within 12-36 months, with costs in the $0.75 to $2.50 per-gallon range. The CEOs made their comments at the Advanced Biofuels Markets conference in San Francisco, one of the last major gatherings of industry CEOs before the close of the year.

As reported in The Columbus Dispatch, the Coda Automotive all-electric sedan will be available at select Hertz Corp. rental locations in California. The automaker did not release specifics about the Hertz deal, such as the financial terms or the number of vehicles involved. Last month, Enterprise Rent-A-Car announced it will add 100 Coda cars to its rental fleet. Coda plans to build a battery plant for its vehicles in Columbus that would employ some 2,700 people. Retail sales of the vehicles are expected to start in the third quarter of 2011.  

The (Cleveland) Plain Dealer is featuring an article about Northeast Ohio's first public charging station for electric vehicles. It's located in front of a building on Euclid Avenue in Cleveland that was the showroom for a brand of all-electric vehicles at the turn of the last century. The article provides a nice snapshot of the state of the all-electric vehicle market now and the role that a couple of Cleveland companies are playing. The owner of the station, Recharge Power of Gates Mills, says it plans to install as many as 30 charging stations around the Cleveland area over the next two months.

BASF recently broke ground on a $50 million factory in Elyria, Ohio, to produce advanced cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries that will power hybrid and all-electric vehicles. BASF is one of only two licensed suppliers of the Argonne National Laboratory’s patented Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese cathode materials, which employ a unique combination of lithium and manganese-rich mixed metal oxides. Batteries that use the new materials have higher energy density, are longer-lasting, and offer improved safety due to higher temperature stability. The new facility is being built with the help of $24.6 million in federal stimulus funds.

The company behind a $6 billion coal-to-liquids fuel project in Columbiana County announced that it has financing in place to move forward with development plans, acccording to this article in the Youngstown Business Journal. The chief executive of Baard Energy LLC, based in Vancouver, Wash., recently said at an event in Wellsville, Ohio, that investors in the coal and energy markets have committed $2.5 billion so far that will be used to purchase property for the project and prepare it for construction.

According to the article, the plant will use coal and other alternate feedstocks, such as waste wood, to produce 52,000 barrels daily of diesel and jet fuel, as well as naphtha. Naphtha is a low-octane gasoline used as a feedstock in the chemical industry. Purchase of the land will begin next month and continue through the holiday season followed by engineering and construction work. Construction will create up to 4,000 jobs, and the plant itself will employ some 415 when it is operating, according to the article.

U.S. Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-OH) renewed his call this week to extend the Department of Energy's Advanced Energy Manufacturing Tax Credit, a popular stimulus program that provides a 30 percent credit for domestic companies that invest in new, expanded, or re-equipped clean energy manufacturing projects. Brown said that the program provided seven Ohio companies with tax credits worth more than $125 million. The program was more than three times oversubscribed and has since run out of funds.

PepsiCo’s Frito-Lay North America division recently rolled out a fleet of all-electric delivery trucks in the Columbus market. This year, Columbus is one of three cities in the U.S., along with New York City and Ft. Worth, Texas, to receive the trucks. The trucks, designed by Smith Electric Vehicles, generate zero tailpipe emissions and operate for up to 100 miles on a single charge. The initial rollout in Columbus was facilitated through a partnership with the nonprofit Clean Fuels Ohio. The company projects it will roll out 155 additional trucks in 2011, making Frito-Lay the largest commercial fleet of all-electric trucks in North America.

The Cleveland-based Great Lakes Wind Network (GLWN) announced that it will partner with the BlueGreen Alliance Foundation to enable the foundation to play a larger role in helping to increase domestic content of North America's wind turbines, according to this story in North American Windpower. The BlueGreen Alliance Foundation was awarded a $560,000 Manufacturing Extension Partnership grant from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the Clean Energy Manufacturing Center - a $1.3 million program aimed at aiding U.S. manufacturers in developing a domestic supply chain for the emerging wind energy industry.

Launched in 2007, GLWN is an initiative of WIRE-Net, a nonprofit economic development organization located in Cleveland. As part of its work with the BlueGreen Alliance Foundation's Clean Energy Manufacturing Center, GLWN will work with four Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) centers (Illinois Manufacturing Extension Center, Indiana Purdue TAP, Montana MEP and West Virginia MEP), the American Wind Energy Association, the United SteelWorkers, and the Alliance for American Manufacturing to develop a series of programs and services that will help accelerate the development and increase the capacity of U.S. wind energy manufacturers.

The (Toledo) Blade has a story about a start-up company breaking ground on a $22 million factory just north of Toledo that will build industrial-sized wind generator towers. According to the article, Ventower Industries LLC said it will hire 150 employees initially and could have 225 later if sales take off. A ceremonial groundbreaking occurred yesterday at the 38-acre brownfield site, located at the Port of Monroe.

Governor Ted Strickland and 18 other governors are urging President Barack Obama to expand the Advanced Energy Manufacturing Tax Credit, which directly supports companies undertaking advanced energy manufacturing projects. In a letter to the President, the governors recognized the significant success of the tax credit and the economic benefits that would come with an expansion. A copy of the letter can be found here.

On August 13, 2009, The United States Treasury Department and Department of Energy announced the availability of $2.3 billion in tax credits under the Section 48C Advanced Energy Manufacturing Tax Credit Program, which was enacted by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. The MTC program will provide developers with an investment tax credit of 30 percent for facilities that manufacture solar, wind, and geothermal energy equipment; fuel cells, microturbines, and batteries; electric cars; electric grids to support the transmission of renewable energy; energy conservation technologies; and equipment that captures and sequesters carbon dioxide or reduces greenhouse gas emissions. The manufacturing tax credit is capped at $2.3 billion, and credits are available for two years or until the cap is reached. 

According to the guidance released with the announcement, the purpose of the program is to encourage taxpayers to re-equip, expand, or establish manufacturing facilities for the production of qualifying advanced energy facilities. Among the selection criteria to be considered by Treasury in deterring which qualifying advanced energy projects will be awarded credits, key considerations include assessing which project will result in the greatest domestic job creation and provide the greatest net reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. More information on the program can be found in Notice 2009-72 as well as our forthcoming Bricker & Eckler Green Strategies Bulletin at www.bricker.com/legalservices/practice/green.

In GE's recently released 2008 Ecomagination Annual Report, the business posted revenue of $17 billion, a 21 percent increase from the previous year. The business has shown consistent revenue growth since its creation by GE in 2004. The report cites transportation innovations in rail and aviation advancements as a major component of the business. These projects include the following:

1. 1033 Locomotive Emission Kits
2. China Mainline Evolution™ Locomotive
3. Evolution™ Hybrid Locomotive
4. Evolution™ Series Locomotive
5. Kazakhstan Evolution™ ES44ACi Locomotive
6. Locotrol™ System
7. PowerHaul™ Engine
8. Russian-Built Locomotive Modernization Skids
9. SmartBurn™ Technology
10. Trip Optimizer™ System

For more information, view the annual report at http://ge.ecomagination.com/